Asthma

Asthma, a chronic disease of the respiratory system, is often related to exposure to allergens. In an asthma attack, the bronchial tubes constrict, become inflamed, and are lined with excessive amounts of fluids. This makes it difficult to breath. Environmental pathogens (allergens, viruses, bacteria), Cold air, exercise, and emotional stress are common triggers of asthmatic episodes. Basically, an asthma attack is an immune response of the bronchial airways caused by dust, smoke, pollens, and other irritants. In response to exposure, the bronchial airways begin to spasm and inflame, followed by the production of excess fluid which leads to coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms commonly attributed to asthma. These symptoms can range from mild discomfort to life-threatening.

Asthma attacks can be instigated by a host of irritants. Among these are:

Allergens, i.e. pollens, dust, mold, pet dander.
Smoke.
Medications including Aspirin and some beta-blockers.
Emotional stress.
Exercise.
Cold temperatures.
Smog and outdoor air pollutants.

Diagnosis of asthma generally includes compilation of a detailed history of the patient, including history of allergies, eczema and family history. While asthma is not an allergy, it often accompanies allergic reactions and exposure to allergens. Additionally, those who are prone to allergies are often prone to asthma as well. There are quite a few ailments that can exhibit symptoms similar to asthma. These include pulmonary aspiration, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or adverse reactions to some medications.

Although a severe and acute asthma attack can be life-threatening, asthmatics may exhibit few symptoms between attacks. Generally a combination of therapies are utilized treat asthma attacks. Airway narrowing responds to bronchodilators which open up the airways, allowing for free exchange of oxygen. Those with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma will have preventive and rescue treatments prescribed for their asthma. There is no known cure for asthma, but methods to treat and prevent asthma are very effective. First and foremost, the offending trigger needs to be identified. As with allergy symptoms, after the trigger has been identified, avoidance is key to minimizing asthmatic reactions. Desensitization to allergens has been attempted and successful in some patients. Additionally, avoidance of commonly known triggers is prudent. Treatment is done on a case by case basis but generally consists of a preventative medication, a rescue medication and a medication to relieve symptoms. Your physician or allergy specialist can effectively diagnose your particular symptoms and prescribe asthma medications specific to your symptoms.

Sources: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Environmental Protection Agency, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, American Lung Association, Medlineplus.gov, Foodallergies .org, enotalone.com, intermountainallergy.com, allergyescape.com, acaai.org, medicinenet.com, ncs.gov.